建立工程质量认证体系 借力“一带一路”推动建筑业高质量发展-pg电子游戏官网入口
发布时间：
2019-08-16
当前，全球经济一体化步伐加快、国际贸易飞速发展，但贸易摩擦频繁发生，各行各业标准化的作用越发凸显。在国际贸易中，标准的国际化不仅对产品质量把控有重要影响，对参与经济全球化也具有重要意义。标准是技术、创新和贸易的基本要素。标准和认证紧密相连。认证作为检验标准实施方法的有效手段，也必然随着标准化工作的提升而有所发展。
建筑业是我国国民经济的支柱产业之一。进入新时代，提高技术含量、提高管理水平、提高质量和效益，以满足人民群众不断增长的美好生活需要，是中国建筑业转型升级的重点
在全面深化改革、大力开展质量提升行动、建筑业换挡升级的背景下，在住房城乡建设领域，推进认证认可工作，构建高水平的认证公共服务平台，推动认证认可政策制度研究、科技和标准化发展、认证结果采信，将助推建筑业质量、效率和动力变革。
制定适合国情的认证制度体系
“中国的建筑业在过去的几十年、尤其是最近20年里，取得了高速和惊人的发展。然而，随着我国经济进入‘高速增长阶段向高质量发展阶段’的转型期，建筑领域向标准化、信息化、绿色化转型是转变发展方式和增长动力的关键。”中国工程建设检验检测认证联盟（以下简称“联盟”）理事长、中国建设科技集团副总裁孙英指出，我国工程质量认证体系的建立是为了弥补国内工程质量认证制度的空白。高起点、高标准、高品质推动质量认证的应用与发展将为我国建筑业树立品牌标尺，助力建筑业以更高姿态“走出去”，实现建筑业高质量发展。
“一带一路”倡议是中国建筑业走出去的重要桥梁。在“一带一路”民用建筑认证制度现状调研工作中，沿线国家被划分为东亚、西亚、南亚、中亚、东盟、东欧国家及独联体、区域外发达国际地区。调研内容包括标准体系发展模式、技术法规制定主体、标准制定组织、标准协调组织、标准化组织、认证认可机构主体、认证类型、采信方式等。
根据认证制度发展的主要推动力、市场和政府介入的程度以及管理主体的统一程度，认证认可制度的发展模式分为三种：市场推动的发展模式、政府主导的发展模式、政府与市场协同的发展模式。比较三种发展模式，市场推动的发展模式特点鲜明，即国家、政府干预经济的程度低、市场化程度高，代表国家是美国。因存在明显问题，目前该模式逐渐由分散走向集中。政府主导的发展模式具有以政府为主导建立认证制度的特点，代表国家是日本。在这一模式中，政府在经济运行中扮演重要角色。但是随着市场经济的不断发展和完善，政府对认证行业监督管理的方式从政府参与、政府主导逐步向政府授权、政府与行业组织合作等方式转变。第三种模式是前两种模式的混合形式，代表国家是欧洲各国。在发展初期主要是以市场为主要推动力逐步发展出认证制度。随着认证制度的发展，政府开始以行政管理手段介入，通过制定相应的法律法规以规范市场良好有序发展。
三种认证认可制度的发展模式虽各有不同但建立原则完全相同，即根据所处时代的特点以及国家经济与社会发展的水平来选择模式。因此，在认证制度的建立和发展模式选择上，我国应借鉴参考发达国家的经验、但不可生硬照搬，应充分考虑自身发展特点和实际情况，明确战略定位和发展方向，制定适合我国国情的认证制度体系。
多方助力创新认证制度
为贯彻落实党的十九大精神，进一步满足政府机构职能转变和工程建设行业健康发展的需要，我国应大力开展质量认证工作，以认证激发工程建设质量提升动能，在保证认证制度与市场健康持续发展的基础上，加强多方面能力建设，缔造自有品牌，提升国际影响力。
“党中央、国务院高度重视认证认可工作，出台的一系列文件为认证认可服务国家工作大局、推动高质量发展提供了前所未有的契机。” 11月13日，国家市场监督管理总局认证监管司副司长潘丽芬在首届中国工程建设检验检测认证大会上表示，为了落实国家质量提升和创新质量认证以及供给侧结构性改革不断深化的相关要求，中国国家认证认可监督管理委员会出台了一系列改革举措以推动认证认可的创新发展，促进了市场上相关认证联盟的产生。
潘丽芬补充说道，目前，中国国家认证认可监督管理委员会正在探索构建以信用监管、风险监管为核心的新型检验检测认证市场监管体系，全面推行“双随机、一公开”抽查，严厉打击认证检测乱象，呼吁各个相关单位严格规范和维护检验检测认证市场秩序，进一步提高认证认可的公信力，让认证检测行业回归社会本位。
住房城乡建设部标准定额司副司长韩爱兴对联盟工作做出了重要指示。
第一，紧紧围绕住房城乡建设领域中心工作，通过认证提高建筑业供给质量。联盟必须密切结合工程建设特点，发展适合住房城乡建设领域、满足行业特定需求的认证制度；必须牢牢把握工作重点，推动工程建设施工企业质量管理体系认证，重点支持推进装配式建筑及其构件部品、绿色住区、绿色建筑及产品、技术工人职业技能等领域认证工作，加快建筑产业优化升级；必须着力提高门窗、防水、全装修等与人民群众生活密切相关的居住标准水平，明确质量保证期及责任主体的要求，增强人民群众的获得感、幸福感。
第二，加强学习研究和能力建设，提升对住房城乡建设工作的技术支撑能力。联盟要加强、加快认证工作急需的相关标准编制，围绕认证工作目标要求，建立认证标准体系；要加强自身建设，完善组织机构，进一步健全内部管理体系和规章制度，培养造就一支高素质的认证队伍；要广泛整合行业、地方资源，增加认证服务供给，大力支持住房城乡建设领域产学研用等相关机构的广泛联合，形成以联盟为平台的产业生态圈。
第三，积极营造推动认证工作开展的政策环境，强化工程建设全过程质量监督管理机制。要建立工程建设领域认证工作的战略、规划和制度，对工厂、市场、现场实行统一检测、统一认证、统一标识、统一采信；密切结合工程建设领域的特点和需求，做好顶层设计，有目标、有领导、有规划、有步骤、有措施地推动认证工作良性发展；不断完善联盟的技术体系、管理体系、诚信体系等制度，将现存检验检测、行业评价等逐步向国家统一的认证制度转变。
引领住建领域质量认证走向国际
新时代，新气象。“把‘质量第一’作为目标要求是新时代的最重要特征，既充分体现了党中央抓质量的决心和作风，又向全党、全国做出了最有力、最集中的动员。”孙英再一次强调了高质量的重要性和必要性。
她进一步指出，标准、检测、认证、质量工作者积极响应是认真贯彻落实党的十九大报告精神的重要体现，也是改革提升标准、建设质量强国的重要举措。在住房城乡建设领域推行认证认可制度及诚信体系建设、有利于促进科技创新和技术进步、有利于引导和激励建设企业提供更多的优质产品、有利于规范建筑市场秩序、有利于提升工程质量安全水平、有利于维护人民群众的切身利益并促进住房城乡建设事业健康发展。为此，要高起点、高标准、高品质推动质量认证的应用与发展，以认证激发工程建设质量提升的动能，提升行业能力和管理水平，加快推进绿色化、信息化与工业化“三化”融合发展，促进建筑业技术创新和转型升级，实现高质量发展。
此外，孙英表示，联盟将充分发挥行业引领作用，在住房城乡建设部标准定额司和中国国家认证认可监督管理委员会的指导下，继续以“专业化提升、规模化整合、市场化运营、国际化发展”为目标，集聚行业优势资源，勇于担当、务实合作、团结奋进，引领住建领域质量认证走向国际。
联盟秘书长、中国建筑标准设计研究院总经理曹彬呼吁，要以认证提高建筑业供给质量，以认证引导和激励建设企业提供更多的优质产品，以认证规范建筑市场秩序、提升工程质量安全水平。联盟认证能让优质产品体现出优质的价值、获得应有的认可、得到广泛的应用，并从源头增加市场上优质产品的有效供给，满足人民群众对于优质建材产品的需求和对美好生活的向往。
首届中国工程建设检验检测认证大会旨在助力认证机构能力建设提升和认证模式创新，向消费者传递质量信任，努力营造重质量、讲诚信的社会氛围；致力以管理创新激发市场活力，以工程需求引领产业升级，共同推动质量认证在工程建设、市场采购、行业管理、行政监管等方面的认可、采信工作；助推行业标准化发展，促进建筑领域技术升级和创新，推动检验检测认证与建筑业深度融合，带动行业整体质量提升，助力建筑行业实现“质量第一”、“质量强国”，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的“中国梦”作出积极贡献。大会发布了联盟标识、联盟认证目录和联盟网站并颁发了第一批联盟认证证书。
联盟副秘书长罗文斌介绍道：“在住房城乡建设部、国家市场监督管理总局的要求与指导下，作为工程建设领域规模最大的认证组织，中国工程建设检验检测认证联盟将针对建设工程全产业链开展‘高品质认证’，高起点、高标准、高品质推动质量认证的应用与发展，保障‘建设工程质量提升行动’落到实处并服务建筑业转型升级创新发展，向社会公示质量信息，为好企业、好产品代言。”
联盟将更加广泛地团结各方力量，构建高水平的认证公共服务平台，有力推进住房城乡建设领域认证认可的政策制度研究、科技和标准化发展、认证结果采信。
“党中央有要求，各行业、各省市有部署，人民群众有期待，大力开展质量认证工作助力全面质量提升正蔚然成风，在这样的新形势下，大会的召开具有非常重要的现实意义，是住房城乡建设领域质量认证工作的一个里程碑，将成为推动行业质量发展的一个新起点。”潘丽芬对大会的召开给予高度肯定
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